1485 - 1660 Tudor - Elizabethan - Stuart - Cromwellian
The Tudor Age 1485 - 1603
Henry the seventh, founded the Tudor dynasty.
Wars of Islam Siege of Malta 19th May 1565 - 8th September
Man at arms Malta
The English Civil War
King Charles 1st
The immediate occasion of the civil war was the demand made by parliament in self defence for the control of the militia. Their ordinance had been in the form of a Bill, to which charles peremptorily refused assent; saying "No by god! not for an hour." Charles repaired to York, whither he summoned all his friends and adherents, including such as still remained at Westminister with the Parliament. This assembly he ever designated as no Parliament; giving that name to the gathering around him at York; although he did not scruple to designate the latter "a mongrel Parliament" in a letter to his wife, when they would not sustain him in futher arbitrary acts. He also sent to Lord Keeper Littleton for the Great Seal; but the Houses at Westminster, having gone so far, did not hesitate at this technical difficulty, bur ordered a new seal made. Before actually resorting to arms, the Parliament, as a last effort to accommadate matters without the effusion of blood, sent nineteen propositions to the king. They were to this purpose; That the privy councillors should only be appointed with the approbation of both Houses, and that the councillors and the judges, should take an oath devised by both Houses for the due execution of their offices, and be responsible to Parliament; That the privy council should not exceed twenty-five, nor be under fifteen; that every act passed by them should be agreed by the majority; and that if any places in the council became vacant during the intervals of Parliament, they should be supplied by the approbation of the majority of that body, and the choice afterwards be submitted to the Parliament; That all matters proper for the cognizance of both Houses should be debated there only; That the high officers of State should always be chosen with the approbation of both Houses, or , in the interval of Parliament, by the council in the same manner as privy councillors, and that the patents to the judges should be during good behaviour: That no marriage should be contracted by any of the royal family without the consent of Parliament, and that their governors should be appointed with the approbation of both Houses; that a reformation of the ecclesiastical government as both Houses recommended should be adopted: That new peers should not be admitted to vote in Parliament without the approval of both Houses: That delinquents should be given up to justice, and the Militia Bill should pass. " Should I grant these demands," said the king," I may be waited on bare-heated; I may have my hand kissed; The title of majesty may be continued to me; and the kings authority signified by both Houses, may still be the style of your commands; I may have swords and maces carried before me, and please myself with the sight of a crown and a sceptre, though even these would not long flourish where the stock upon which they grew was dead. But as to true and real power, I should remain but the outside, but the true picture, but the sign of a king."
The popular leaders felt the importance of their chief claim; knowing well that the militia might and would be employed to undo all that had been done; and they were determined to accomplish their end as the king was to defeat it.
The popular leaders felt the importance of their chief claim; knowing well that the militia might and would be employed to undo all that had been done; and they were determined to accomplish their end as the king was to defeat it.
First English Civil War Edgehill October 23rd 1642
The first actual battle took place at Edgehill on November 23rd 1642 and the victory was claimed by both sides, but the Earl of Lindsay, Commander-in Chief for the king was killed. Various local conflicts and skirmishes took place during the winter.but nothing decisive was achieved on either side. Peace talks in march and april at Oxford, came to nothing.
First Battle of Newbury - September 20th 1643
Fought between Prince Rupert and Earl of Essex, Robert Devereaux.
in which victory remained with the latter. But this was counter balanced by royalist successes in the west and in the north, the final issue remained doubtful. For some time therewas no general and connected system of operations on either side.
There was a petty war in almost every county. The combatants rarely marched beyond their own districts, until Fairfax and Cromwell, terminated thid desultory warfare by moving one overwhelming force against the scattered fragments of the roylists.
in which victory remained with the latter. But this was counter balanced by royalist successes in the west and in the north, the final issue remained doubtful. For some time therewas no general and connected system of operations on either side.
There was a petty war in almost every county. The combatants rarely marched beyond their own districts, until Fairfax and Cromwell, terminated thid desultory warfare by moving one overwhelming force against the scattered fragments of the roylists.
The Sieges of Newark - February 1643 - May 1646
Newark Castle
Battle of Marston Moor - July 2nd 1644
The scottish army entered england on January 19th 1644 and after sundry inconsiderable engagements with detatched bodies of royalists, broken by fruitless negotiations, laid siege to York in conjunction with the english under Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester. Charles was shut up in Oxford , by Essex and Waller, but he sent orders to Prince Rupert to advance to the relief oy York and the result was the Battle of Marston Moor. The two armies were deployed in the ground between the villages of Tockwith and Long Marston. The allied army was positioned on the forward slope of a ridge to the south of the Tockwith - Long Maston road. The royalist army deployed to the north of the road on flat ground. there was a ditch running parallel with the road to their front. The battlefield was 7 miles west of york.
The conflict was not begun until four o'clock in the afternoon, but the sun set upon a field strewn with more than four thousand dead bodies. At first Prince Ruperts impetuousness carried all before him on the left wing of the Parliamentary army, but Cromwell and his ironsides turned the fate of the day and an utter rout of the royalists took place.
The Battle of Marston Moor was fatal to the kings prospects in the north of england.
The conflict was not begun until four o'clock in the afternoon, but the sun set upon a field strewn with more than four thousand dead bodies. At first Prince Ruperts impetuousness carried all before him on the left wing of the Parliamentary army, but Cromwell and his ironsides turned the fate of the day and an utter rout of the royalists took place.
The Battle of Marston Moor was fatal to the kings prospects in the north of england.
Battle of Naseby - 14th June 1645
30th May 1645, a royalist force stormed and sacked Leicester.
Sir Thomas Fairfax was ordered to recover Leicester, and break off the siege of Oxford. Charles with his army marched towards Leicester, slowly followed by Fairfax, to whose aid Oliver Cromwell was advancing with the force of the Eastern Counties. On his arrival with his Ironsides. He was warmly welcomed by the Parliamentary army, "The horse gave a mighty shout, for the joy of his coming to them."
The king had kept his army around Daventry, unwilling to begin a campaign in the north until Oxford was secure. The new model army, had reached Kislingbury, 8 miles east of Daventry, and his cavalry patrols ran into the unsuspecting royal outposts.
The king decided upon a retreat towards Leicester. By the evening of 13th June, Fairfaxs scouts entered Naseby. The king called a council of war and decided to stand and fight on the high ground, 2 miles south of Market Harborough.
Sir Thomas Fairfax was ordered to recover Leicester, and break off the siege of Oxford. Charles with his army marched towards Leicester, slowly followed by Fairfax, to whose aid Oliver Cromwell was advancing with the force of the Eastern Counties. On his arrival with his Ironsides. He was warmly welcomed by the Parliamentary army, "The horse gave a mighty shout, for the joy of his coming to them."
The king had kept his army around Daventry, unwilling to begin a campaign in the north until Oxford was secure. The new model army, had reached Kislingbury, 8 miles east of Daventry, and his cavalry patrols ran into the unsuspecting royal outposts.
The king decided upon a retreat towards Leicester. By the evening of 13th June, Fairfaxs scouts entered Naseby. The king called a council of war and decided to stand and fight on the high ground, 2 miles south of Market Harborough.
Southwell Nottinghamshire
In depth Battles Http://www.britishbattles.com/
